• SIC 70 - Hotels, Rooming Houses, Camps, and Other Lodging Places;
• SIC 72 - Personal Services;
• SIC 73 - Business Services;
• SIC 75 - Automotive Repair, Services and Parking;
• SIC 76 - Miscellaneous Repair Services;
• SIC 78 - Motion Pictures;
• SIC 79 - Amusement and Recreation Services;
• SIC 80 - Health Services;
• SIC 81 - Legal Services;
• SIC 82 - Educational Services;
• SIC 83 - Social Services;
• SIC 84 - Museums, Art Galleries, and Botanical and Zoological Gardens;
• SIC 86 - Membership Organizations;
• SIC 87 - Engineering, Accounting, Research, Management and Related Services;
• SIC 88 - Private Households; and
• SIC 89 - Miscellaneous Services, Not Elsewhere Classified.

There is a high correlation and statistical significance between Wyoming’s population and Services employment (see Table 1).

Table: Regression Analysis/Predictive Model
Variable	t-Statistic	Coefficient Value
Concept or Intercept Term	-10.615	-115,833
Population	14.362	0.334

As the demographic make-up of Wyoming’s population changes, employment make-up in the Services industry will also change (see Table 2 for projected employment changes).

Table 2: Services Employment Projections
	Employment			Numerical Change
2-Digit SIC	Base 1994	Projected 1998	Projected 2005	1994 - 1998	1994 - 2005
70	8,585	9,759	12,218	1,174	3,633
72	1,835	1,932	2,145	97	310
73	4,839	5,311	4,663	472	-176
75	1,653	1,713	1,618	60	-35
76	778	849	850	71	72
78	778	952	1,297	174	519
79	2,357	2,879	3,983	522	1,626
80	9,307	11,719	16,827	2,412	7,520
81	1,153	1,292	1,513	139	360
82	723	917	1,343	194	620
83	4,782	5,331	5,546	549	764
84	246	375	382	129	136
86	3,595	3,600	1,860	5	-1,735
87	2,956	4,485	11,613	1,529	8,657
88	516	722	1,279	206	763
89	72	109	179	37	107
TOTAL	44,175	51,945	67,316	7,770	24,876

Other factors such as new technology, tourism, overall changes in the economy and social interaction also influence the demand for Services employees. Wyoming’s 1996 population increased only because net births were higher than net deaths⁽¹⁾. With a slowing population growth and increases occurring only among the very young, there may be a shift of demand in Services. Groups that commonly accommodate the young, such as Amusement and Recreation Services, Educational Services and Social Services will possibly increase, while the demand for groups such as Business Services may decline.

In 1994, Retail Trade moved out of first place as the largest employment industry and Services moved in (see Table 3 for details of Services employment from 1990 - 1996).

Table 3: Services Annual Average Employment
1990		1996		1990 - 1996 Change
2-Digit SIC	Annual Average Employment	2-Digit SIC	Annual Average Employment	2-Digit SIC	Numerical	Percent
70	7,894	80	9,930	80	2,250	29.3
80	7,680	70	9,018	83	2,066	64.9
73	3,888	73	5,430	73	1,542	39.7
83	3,184	83	5,250	70	1,124	14.2
87	2,241	87	3,288	87	1,047	46.7
79	2,003	79	2,659	79	656	32.8
86	1,864	72	1,883	75	459	33.8
72	1,650	75	1,817	72	233	14.1
75	1,358	86	1,816	88	212	59.7
76	1,151	81	1,215	81	173	16.6
81	1,042	76	884	82	139	23.7
78	654	78	793	78	139	21.3
82	587	82	726	84	110	67.1
88	355	88	567	89	55	117.0
84	164	84	274	86	-48	-2.6
89	47	89	102	76	-267	-23.2
TOTAL	35,762	TOTAL	45,652	TOTAL	9,890	27.7%

Local Government and Mining remained in third and fourth place, respectively, from 1990 to 1996. Mining wages have consistently remained at the top; the 1990 annual average weekly wage was $720 and by 1996 had climbed to $864. In comparison, the annual average weekly wage for Services rose from $286 in 1990 to only $347 in 1996. Services ranked tenth place in 1990 (out of only twelve industries) and remained there in 1996 (see Table 4).

Table 4: Services Average Weekly Wage
1990		1996		1990 - 1996 Change
2-Digit SIC	Annual Average Employment	2-Digit SIC	Annual Average Employment	2-Digit SIC	Numerical	Percent
89	$567	87	$601	80	$109	27.1
87	$508	81	$578	87	$93	18.3
81	$488	80	$511	81	$90	18.4
76	$424	76	$484	76	$60	14.2
80	$402	89	$364	83	$57	29.5
82	$370	82	$358	73	$55	22.5
79	$340	75	$335	75	$45	15.5
75	$290	79	$312	70	$43	27.4
84	$280	73	$299	78	$36	31.6
73	$244	84	$294	72	$34	17.9
88	$214	83	$250	88	$32	15.0
86	$204	88	$246	86	$28	13.7
83	$193	86	$232	84	$14	5.0
72	$190	72	$224	82	-$12	-3.2
70	$157	70	$200	79	-$28	-8.2
78	$114	78	$150	89	-$203	-35.8
TOTAL	$286	TOTAL	$347	TOTAL	$61	21.3%

Wages for Agriculture ($253 in 1990, and $303 in 1996) and Retail Trade ($200 in 1990 and $238 in 1996) were the only two industries ranking lower than Services.

The 1996 Wyoming annual average weekly wage for all industries was $440. There were only four groups (which includes 15,317 employees or 33.6% of the workforce) in Services that had higher 1996 wages: Engineering, Accounting, Research, Management & Related Services; Legal Services; Health Services; and Miscellaneous Repair Services. The remaining 30,335 (66.4%) employees made well below the average wage. The number one predicted growing occupation of all industries from Services, Waiters & Waitresses, also happens to be the lowest paying job on the list of growing occupations⁽²⁾. This seems to be the common broad picture for Services; most of the major groups are increasing, but the wages will remain typically low.

This article was written by Carol Toups.

1 Bureau of the Census.

2 What Does the Future Have in Store for Wyoming's Labor Market: Wyoming 1998 and 2005, another Research & Planning publication.

These pages designed by Gayle C. Edlin.
Last modified on April 4, 2001 by Valerie A. Davis.